Of course iPhones phone home to Apple...
The Find My iPhone* app (*and, critically, also works with wifi-only iPods) wouldn't work without the devices making themselves visible to Apple on a predictable schedule on the timescale of a minute.
Furthermore, I've seen otherwise inexplicable "Apple.com" in the browser's address bar while trying to get past hotels' Terms & Conditions pages on their free wifi hotspot. Evidence of a check-in to home base.
Based on the above, I simply assume that Apple.com is tracking my location (network, probably not GPS due to battery limits).