* Posts by dan1980

2933 publicly visible posts • joined 5 Aug 2013

British spooks seize tech from Snowden journo's boyfriend at airport

dan1980

Re: He was lucky :-(

Same here (Aus) unfortunately, and evidently in the US too.

Screw you, Brits, says Google: We are ABOVE UK privacy law

dan1980

Re: Nuts

What would really scare Google is if IRELAND were to threaten action. Ireland is a key component in Google's (and many others') tax-minimisation strategy so Ireland (and perhaps Holland as well) have the most power here I would think.

But then, the whole 'problem' of this tax avoidance strategy is party due to Ireland's quite lenient corporate tax laws which in effect reduce the potential tax income of every other country just so Ireland can keep a little bit more for itself. So, I guess that given that the Irish Government is happy to screw over other countries in return for a bit of extra tax revenue, it seems unlikely anything would change now . . .

(Yes, I know it;s not that simple but Ireland could abolish the 'double Irish' strategy if it wanted and it's evident it does not want that because it would lose tax revenue.)

dan1980

Re: Nuts

@AC 12:54

"Declined to be served? How exactly does that work?"

Apparently quite well. At least as a delaying tactic.

Don't let the SAN go down on me: Is the storage array on its way OUT?

dan1980

Re: @AC 9:04

@AC 7:57

"Database design down to query and table level needs to be understood well enough to provide specs a storage girl can design against."

That's the heart of the matter - if, as a storage person, you don't have good numbers from the applications people then how exactly are you supposed to do anything other than provide a generic, white-paper solution?

Sometimes, of course, that's the only way and extra performance therefore comes from throwing money at the problem, adding more SSDs and cache. But that shouldn't be seen as a failing specifically of SANs - just of the disconnect between application workloads and hardware that can occur.

Of course it also depends on how you are provisioning your storage - specifically, whether you are deploying storage solutions dedicated for a specific workload or if you have deployed a more 'shared' system with a single storage platform used for many applications.

Most complete installations use both as even if the majority of your hardware is devoted to storing and processing data, that's useless without other elements such as the presentation level. Most businesses also need to cater to day-to-day operational needs, including provisioning e-mail, intranets, terminal servers/virtual desktops, etc...

dan1980

Horses, course, etc...

The solution to any problem is more buzzwords and marketing-speak from vendors.

Obviously.

In reality, though, the question should always come back to: "what problem are you trying to solve".

SANs solve a LOT of problems but of course create their own in turn. DAS solves a set of problems and, again, creates some. This is nothing new - IT folk have been dealing with such compromises forever.

Simply saying that SAN is on its way out or that 'clouds' aren't using or don't need SANs presumes that everyone is trying to solve the same problem(s), which is clearly ridiculous. Hammer, nail, &c.

Hadoop and distributed file systems have great benefits . . . for certain types of workloads. The thing is, though, that one great use of Hadoop and the alternative distributed computing frameworks is in processing data generated by some other application. The point being that while the analysis of the data is managed with distributed storage across numerous compute nodes, that data was likely generated by a more 'conventional' system - one that probably involved a SAN.

Take a SAP implementation for example - SAP can be integrated with Hadoop for analytics but the core SAP application and modules will almost certainly be running with the help of SAN storage. Doing it any other way is just asking for problems, trying to manage capacity, scalability and of course the ever-present issue of backups.

Having a Hadoop cluster with distributed storage to analyse your 'big data' is great but useless without some other system that is feeding it that data.

The point is that something like Hadoop is a component in many such solutions and DAS is a good match for that, but most real systems have multiple components, each of which may benefit from a different storage architecture.

Google goes dark for 2 minutes, kills 40% of world's net traffic

dan1980

Re: Ah...

What gets me is they never seem to plug the cord back in when they're done.

Wikileaks Party scrambles to explain election decisions

dan1980
Meh

Re: Democracy

I find the fact that officials work on the assumption that the elector was TRYING to vote formally to be a truly excellent remark about democracy in Australia.

As an Aussie, I am always amazed (and, to be frank, disgusted) at the way voting is conducted in the US. Truth be told voting is a bit of a chore but it's all pretty laid back everywhere I've lived around this country and but for standing outside in a queue on almost invariably stinking hot days, I'm glad for mandatory voting.

Every election in the US is marred by calls of unethical behaviour aimed at favouring a particular party - understaffed polling stations, caging, rejection of otherwise valid registrations due to technicalities, etc... The US system is such that each state and indeed county is effectively allowed to manage the election process independently, including setting their own rules so you have the 50-odd secretaries of state along with the tens of thousands of local officials conspiring one way or the other to favour their preferred party.

Leaving my foil hat behind, all you have to do is look to the farce that was the 2004 US Presidential election for confirmation that our (largely) independently run system is much fairer. (Though we still inevitably get a liar and a cheat, whichever way we vote.)

Open Rights Group revives 'unavailable for legal reasons' HTTP error code plan

dan1980

Stuff will be blocked. It happens already but only (as the Aus Government calls it) "The worst of the worst".

We have seen with the recent NSA leaks as well as numerous others relating to companies and government departments/agencies around the world that anything kept secret ends poorly for the public.

There are always stories about over-zealous and under-regulated agencies blocking massive ranges of IP addresses in order to 'catch' a single site, bringing thousands of innocent websites down with them. It happens because there is no incentive for those managing the list to care and no real punishment when they f%^k up.

The only remedy for such laxness is transparency.

My view is that transparency is absolutely VITAL to making sure that government projects are actually in the public's interest. As such it is non-negotiable; if your proposed system falls over if transparency is required then that is a sign that it is the system, and NOT the requirement for transparency, that needs to be rethought.

NSA coughs to 1000s of unlawful acts of snooping on US soil since 2008

dan1980

Exposes their priorities pretty clearly

What this shows most strongly is that the NSA and the associated apparatus around this (and similar) programs just does not value the privacy and civil liberties of their fellow human beings very highly at all.

You might say that of course they don't care for privacy but within the scope of spying, it is still possible to make such concerns a high priority.

There is a shell of just such a concept in that that is how the official mouthpieces talk about it but the reality seems to be that there is just no responsibility because they always assumed they would just continue on without any 'accidents' ever seeing the light of day. In other words, they don’t care about doing something ‘wrong’, only about being caught.

That's the really disturbing part about this. It's not the spying per se - that happens and I think there is a certain amount of that we all have to accept, reluctantly. No, the more disturbing part is the way these people view the public.

This is the core problem with almost all information gathering, whether it be massive government-sponsored surveillance, electronic health records, or even simple customer data. The ends are viewed as FAR more important than the means and that is unacceptable when dealing with people's personal information.

Collection of personal information should be seen like borrowing someone's car. Sure, you borrowed it to benefit yourself and so will use it to drive yourself off wherever you need to go. BUT, your primary concern should be making sure you keep the car in good condition because it's not yours and the owner trusted you to take care of it.

In the analogy, say you're running late and have the option of taking a shortcut down an unsealed road or the congested freeway. The correct choice is the sealed freeway because although the unsealed road would be faster and more convenient, you might get scratches or a chip in the window, upset the suspension or simply wear the tires more than necessary.

That's the way privacy and personal liberty should be treated - like an expensive, easily-damaged, and costly to repair possession.

Unfortunately, all the NSA (et al) care about is their surveillance and it feels like that has become an end in itself, with all other considerations secondary.

In short, what this shows is that the NSA and, by extension, the government, view citizens' privacy and personal liberty as unimportant. There can be no defence - if they considered these concerns important then they would have such safeguards and oversight as to make these breaches and 'accidents' almost non-existent.

Xbox 180: Microsoft scraps mandatory Kinect policy

dan1980

Do I still have to pay for it?

Excellent news.

Now I am just waiting for the announcement that, since the Kinect is finally entirely optional to USE, it is also optional to BUY. That would be nice. Because, you know, paying for something you don't want and don't need kind of makes you feel like you're being taken for a ride.

What this whole series of changes has done is raised a question - do you punish MS for trying to screw us over in the first place (if that's your position) or do you reward their moves to listen to feedback and adjust accordingly?

I'm still not sure. I'm definitely going to get a PS4 so the question is do I get a 'bone as well?

Obama appoints intelligence boss to run 'independent' review of NSA

dan1980

I think the main point of this review/investigation/inquiry is to find out how the Government's secret spying programs can best remain secret.

In that regard, Clapper is a fine appointment as he is even willing to perjure himself to keep the pesky prying eyes of the citizens on the USA (you know, those people that the government is supposedly FOR, BY and OF) away from any information they might want to have an opinion on.

dan1980
Thumb Up

Re: A Failed Intelligence Chief . . .

Dear god man - you just adjectivised the living fuck out of that.

I award you 10 points for shear, unbridled verbosity.

Facebook's request to the flash industry: 'Make the worst flash possible'

dan1980

Re: What about tape?

@AC 17:54

No mate, you got it in one.

Facebook are happy with the cost and power consumption of their existing solution and just want to find out if they can, for a similar price, use 'better' drives.

Replacing large banks of magnetic hard drives with SSDs is presumably a SIGNIFICANTLY simpler task than replacing them with a tape-based solution because all the logic is unchanged - just swap the hardware. None of their processes would be affected at all.

If they get what they are asking for, all that happens is they replace like-for-like hardware and almost instantly get better I/O, without having to implement another storage tier or additional caching; just new drives and faster access.

dan1980

Re: Is this site only visited by teenagers and 20 something's?

Maybe the numbers don't support this, but I would think that from a power usage point of view, tape would be more costly. While it's not being used, flash can use no power as well but, unlike tape, power usage to retrieve something when needed is very low.

Also, you'd need to manage the indexing and robotic tape libraries, etc... which adds complexity, if nothing else. I know that at volume that's pretty cheap but I get the impression that they are using 'conventional' disks and are okay with the price, they just want to see if flash can approach the price of normal drives if requirements for speed and read/write cycles are relaxed.

The expectation is that at some point this data could be read as otherwise why keep it at all? Very little of this data WILL be read again but all of it MIGHT be read so if it is they still need to maintain some kind of reasonable latency. I can't see tapes really meeting that.

Presumably they know their own requirements so it seems fair enough to me.

Essentially, they are asking the question: How cheap can you make flash if we don't care about performance or re-write cycles?

Keep Landsat flying forever, says US Academy of Sciences

dan1980
Big Brother

Perhaps the obvious, cynical suggestion is to convince the NSA that such a program could help their FISC-legal, responsible, super-effective and totally not used to spy on the American people national security programmes.

Then money would flow.

Obama proposes four-point plan to investigate US data spooks

dan1980
Black Helicopters

Re: The NSA has naught but garbage

Sure there's lots of garbage. The point is that there's also a LOT of information about people. In little bits, such information is not necessarily relevant but that's the whole idea of 'big data' - you grab SO much information that when added together, it creates a useful picture.

Take all your search history, e-mail, social media posts, uploaded, tagged photos, every video you've watched on youtube and then add to that all your phone records, your footage from cameras, etc... Oh, then cross-reference all of that with information from your friends and co-workers - their facebook photos with you tagged, their e-mails sent to you or forwarded on from you, etc...

It's no longer foil hat territory - it's reality. And, from what we've seen recently of XKeyscore, this is data that's being captured as a matter of course and queried without any prior approval, with all questions being after the fact.

So, they are slurping up a LOAD of garbage but they are doing so to ensure they also get everything of value too.

"The world isn't kept safe by entrapping mouthy idiots and massively indexing garbage."

This is perhaps exactly why everyone is so annoyed at this - they realise that these systems are a massive intrusion into their lives and an erosion of civil liberties for very little real gain.

dan1980

Re: See what you did?

Obama may be in because of blind Democrats but if so it's do different to Bush getting in through blind Republicans.

Both groups are EQUALLY responsible for the state of the US because they ensure that neither party has any incentive to change legislation like this.

A significant number of people would vote for a republican candidate that said "I will increase the monitoring of US citizens and push to overturn Roe-v-Wade" - as there are people who would vote for a Democrat candidate who said: "I will authorize drone strikes against US civilian targets and push to legalise gay marriage".

dan1980
Black Helicopters

"When the story broke, what was his response? Yep, he agreed with what was taking place."

Actually, what happened was accusation and speculation that was roundly denied. Then came the first batch of revelations, forcing those involved to backtrack, saying that while they did X, they never did Y. Next round of revelations and again, we have "we did Y but never Z". Next round . . .

We have assurances that the US didn't monitor its own citizens but then that is proved not only false in the spirit of it but also the literal interpretation. Where the US indeed wasn't directly spying on Americans, it was co-opting other governments such as the all-too-eager UK and Australia to spy for them.

Quite simply, the government and those government agencies involved will hide and deny everything they can until being found out.

Queensland bans IBM from future work

dan1980

While IBM should be beyond ashamed of their role in this, much of the blame rests with the government. I appreciate that the whole exercise was likely quite challenging but the simple fact is that the government let it get like this.

It happened because it's not the government's money and, while government's can get voted out for truly disastrous implementations, they are more concerned with being seen to be doing things than actually doing them properly.

Governments in general are notoriously poor when it comes to projects - be it infrastructure, military purchasing or IT systems like this. While it doesn't necessarily make for great headlines, I have never seen a report of a major government project ever being delivered on time and on budget. Moreover, while overruns of both budget and time are pretty common in all projects, the scale of both when it comes to government projects is simply staggering.

In the end, IBM sold, built and implemented a system that they knew would never work as it should have and they did this because the government let them.

It reminds me of a story about a company getting their eCommerce website developed by an Indian team. As it turns out, the eCommerce system simply didn't work at all, rendering the site useless. When challenged, the Indian team were very defensive, claiming to have fulfilled the specifications exactly. Technically they had, but a good developer would have brought potential issues to the client before and during the process. This is what likely happened with this QLD Health system - IBM likely went to pains to fulfil the letter of the scope and contract without bothering about if the system would actually work.

When you ask a builder to complete some work, you expect them to assess the situation and let you know of any issues and make pertinent suggestions on how best to accomplish the RESULT you want, not focus solely of what you have asked them to DO. IBM as the head contractor here really should have analysed exactly what the requirements were and made sure that the system they were designing and selling was actually what was needed.

Maybe that's naive and sure IBM get a good chunk of money out of this but that kind of attitude doesn't win you more business. A good tradie who works with the customer to make sure the end result is the best possible will get more work than he/she can handle and most IT companies understand this. I'm sure IBM do too (somewhere) - they just don't care so long as they get paid and make their numbers in the short term.

Webcam stripper strikes back at vicious 4Chan trolls after year of bullying

dan1980

Re: My heart bleeds

The post suggesting "the internet" gives and takes is both inaccurate and also strangely accurate.

It's inaccurate because the 'Internet' isn't responsible for this - PEOPLE are.

On the other hand, it's kind of correct for exactly the same reason.

Being a stripper before (or without) the Internet, you have a certain potential audience dictated primarily by location. Being a stripper on the Internet, however, you remove that barrier and expose yourself to a much larger pool of potential customers.

From another angle, however, being a stripper in a real strip-club, you have vile jerks hassling you. Being a stripper on the Internet, you have still have vile jerks hassling you but, again, you now have a much larger pool.

Essentially, the very reason the Internet offers an attractive 'venue' for stripping is at least partially the cause of any increased unpleasantness as well - a larger pool of people.

You might say: "yes, but the anonymity of the Internet encourages these people". And I would say that you are exactly correct. Yes, the anonymous nature of the Internet does allow more people to be worse and more forward with their insults and harsh behaviour than they would be in person but it also allows a lot more potential customers for our stripper - people who might worry what others would think, or who are too shy to go to a strip club.

None of that makes any of this 'okay', I guess I was just exploring the poster's comment.

They don't recognise us as HUMAN: Disability groups want CAPTCHAs killed

dan1980

Re: Although I hate using catchas....

Plus one to you good sir/madam.

This is the 'brass tacks' of the situation - for some website operators, the option is between a flawed but viable and largely-effective system and shutting down their sites.

dan1980

Re: I'm all for choice...

The problem with these alternatives is that B & C really must be implemented with a static database.

That kind of things works at the small scale and can result in less spam than implementing something like ReCAPTCHA. But it ONLY works at the small scale. Imagine such a system replacing EVERY use of ReCAPTCHA through every website. Again, it is easily defeated by mass labour - having people record all the question-answer pairs. Indeed it's easier because there is very little on-going work - just keep the lookup tables up-to-date and most challenges can be passed with a simple DB query.

We could of course obscure the challenge but then we'd be back where we started.

Option A is slightly better as you can generate the challenges automatically, without requiring a pre-populated database. But then, this is no different to the existing ReCAPTCHA solution: a block of text must be read, understood and then answered. Mathematical problems give no no more trouble to bots than do the text recognition so again you have to obscure the text (equation) for it to work.

The strength of ReCAPTCHA comes from the strength of the underlying algorithm, which is made public to ensure it is as good as possible. The other options, save possibly the equation, rely on hiding the question-answer lists. Real security and strength comes when you actually EXPOSE your code to the world and it STILL works.

So while ReCAPTCHA is not be a perfect solution, it is an amazing achievement and allows webmasters the world over to add some exceptionally effective (all things taken into account) anti-spam technology to their site without much effort.

Alternative challenges are certainly worthwhile and your users will thank you if implement a solution that cuts down on spam without requiring users to click refresh 20 times, but know that the more people that implement a similar system of question/answer (whatever the subject matter), the more insecure your own, similar solution will be.

Dan.

dan1980

Ha.

As always, it's a question of who has something to gain or lose.

http://xkcd.com/970/

Dan.

dan1980

"A bit of a pain for those who aren't too bright... Therefore it should be used everywhere on the internet"

That made me chuckle a bit but seriously, if we're talking about not discriminating against people with disabilities, we have to accept that people with cognitive disabilities are just as vulnerable (if not more so) to discrimination as those with visual impairment.

dan1980

Those tests aren't in use anymore because OCR is a very mature technology. (Except when I need it to work, apparently.)

That's why these CAPTCHAs obscure the text so eye-buggeringly much.

The thing is, though, that these types of decypher-the-text tests are not the only form of CAPTCHAs. It is the type used in Google's implementation and therefore quite popular, but most of the alternatives given here - like equations, questions, logic puzzles, etc... - are also deemed 'CAPTCHAs'.

The problem with many of the alternative CAPTCHAs is that they are not as strong as the obscured text variety. It's true that on a small site, implementing a simple question-answer database or math problem may well work better but the question is what would happen if all the sites currently using obscured-text tests switched to maths problems or trivia questions? Once there are enough sites using such tests, it becomes viable for spammers to devote resources to defeat them. And defeat them they will.

This is the dilemma and it's why there isn't a better solution yet. Some options may work for individual sites but as a standard that can be used widely, this is it at the moment.

Of course, that's without even considering that a move to test cognitive faculties over eyesight would in turn affect another subset of users, such as those with learning disabilities.

dan1980

Not just registering

I am all for the removal of those things but what about all the places they are used where people are NOT registering for anything? Things like payment forms, commenting forms, etc...

Thankfully not all sites on the Internet requires users to register to use them but many of these still use CAPTCHAs to prevent spam.

dan1980

CAPTCHAs are annoying and I don't need a better reason than that to want them gone.

But, taking the argument of ACCAN, their alternative doesn't hold up. They are limiting themselves to registration forms for signing up to websites which is a valid issue but not the only instance where CAPTCHAs are used.

Thankfully not all websites require you to sign up to use them (yet) and so there are a lot of CAPTCHAs in use where the proposed solution of sending an e-mail just doesn't make any sense.

To find a real alternative, you have to start by asking what the product does.

The purpose of those annoying scribbles is to verify that a human rather than a 'bot' is interacting with the website. Further, it is doing that in the website, without the any additional processing from the user OR the site operator. FURTHER, it is a bit of bolt-on code that requires no additional infrastructure, maintenance or support from the website operator.

Compare that feature-set to 'just send an e-mail'. That 'solution' addresses none of the above points.

There needs to be a better solution but I think it's naive to just blurt out a 'common sense' answer, without accepting that if a workable alternative was that simple then we would have it already. There is a reason why 'just send an e-mail' isn't on the W3C's list and it's not because they haven't thought of it.

There's also a reason why none of the proposed alternatives have gained any acceptance, and that is because they are intensive to implement. A small business can very easily add a CAPTCHA to their website. Try adding 'Heuristic checks' to your small business's website!

I agree with ACCAN - they are difficult for even the most sharp-sighted of people to use so it is evident they would pose problems for others, less able users (including the elderly). I just think they need to recognise that the solution isn't that simple.

Hey, you know Android apps can 'access ALL' of your Google account?

dan1980
Black Helicopters

Convenience is the rope they give you to hang yourself with. (Which is likely your point anyway!)

Foil hat off.

Upgraded 3D printed rifle shoots 14 times before breaking

dan1980

Re: inevitable

One question I have had recently is what would all the "legitimate", "responsible", "sensible", "legal" gun owners do if laws were passed to bring the US into line with, say, Australia?

To be clear, I am not saying that Australia has 'good' or even 'effective' gun control, or that such a change would be desirable. But, to be 'legal' and 'legitimate' gun owners, you have to actually follow the laws that govern such ownership. So, if laws were passed that required gun owners to surrender their weapons, would they do so?

Obviously, prior to that, there would be a great and concerted lobbying effort against it and that is the way democracy works. There would be legal challenges up and down the circuit and that's fine. BUT, having lost that fight and being now bound by law to surrender your guns, what then?

I'm sure many people would indeed abide by the new laws. Grudgingly to be certain, but they would do so. There would undeniably, however, be a not-insignificant portion of gun-owners who simply would not.

This is not a direct attack or even a challenge against anyone - it's more a thought experiment.

I found myself thinking along these lines recently when talking about marijuana. My stance then, as now, was that I do not approve as it is illegal. Whatever arguments could be made about it being harmless or beneficial or the user being responsible was irrelevant to me; it's illegal. And then I thought: what if alcohol suddenly became illegal...? What would _I_ do?

I suppose the question distilled from that rambling mess is - if strict gun-control laws were passed in the US, would printed guns become the modern-day bathtub gin?

dan1980

Re: 'Merica

Right now? Yes.

But remember that the only thing worse than having someone come and take your jerb is having someone come and take your guns. Apparently.

I believe that the idea, so far as it's about, because, or for anything, is to make gun control laws moot by showing the government that whatever they do, people will exercise their 'god given right' to own firearms - even if they have to make them themselves.

Or at least that seems to be the point.

Perhaps it's just an exercise undertaken to enable Michelle Bachmann to provide an explanation of what she meant when she suggested Americans would have to resort 'Second Amendment remedies' to combat gun control proposals. Otherwise she pretty much means shooting people who want to take their guns. Like responsible gun owners do.

dan1980

Printing a gun relies on two things - the quality and accuracy of the printer, and the suitability of the materials. Superficially it also relies on the engineering talent of the designer but humanity has shown time and time again that once something is proven possible and engineering is all that stands in the way, we get there in the end.

Printed guns are already a reality; there is no definition of a gun that these prototypes don't satisfy.

The question now becomes one of economics and scale. Once good printers and suitable printing stock become cheap enough, the number of hobbyist will increase and the pool of available knowledge and skills will make a lot possible.

Save the possibility of some private investors getting fleeced, it's largely irrelevant whether this particular demonstration is 100% legit as nothing in it is out of reach.

Terror cops swoop on couple who Googled 'backpacks' and 'pressure cooker'

dan1980

"Be a government informant. Betray your family and friends. Fabulous prizes to be won."

The problem this story shows is not any one specific thing but the culture that has built up that says that people are essentially untrustworthy and should be suspected by default.

That started as a 'genuine' public reaction but has since been stoked by the government (not just in the US) and their agencies, resulting in more fear than any terrorist plot has ever achieved.

The trick (and it's not an overly sophisticated one) is to turn any result or situation into proof that the government is doing the right thing.

Evidence of terrorist activity? That means we need more surveillance and power to counter these threats. No evidence of terrorist activity? You'd think that would mean the opposite but you'd be wrong. What it ACTUALLY means is that the terrorists are even more nefarious than ever, which requires - shock - more surveillance and power.

This was not an instance of government monitoring but it WAS an excellent example of the fruits of the government's unrelenting FUD policy. As such, I view it as even more worrying than said government monitoring.

It reminded me of a poster (had to look up the exact wording) in a Red Dwarf episode where the crew find themselves in a fascist fantasy world - see the title of the post.

SMBs are tumbling into the cloud? Oh get real

dan1980

'SMB' is a grossly imprecise term, covering (depending on country and industry) companies with anywhere from 1-1000 employees.

For that matter, 'cloud' is also imprecise, or at least a very broad term covering a huge range of offerings. As I explained to my mother when she asked "What is the cloud?" - anyone who has a hotmail/yahoo/etc... e-mail account has their e-mail 'on the cloud'.

For myself, as an IT services provider, anyone who simply refers to the 'SMB'/'SME' market/segment is not paying enough attention to real businesses and how they operate because the difference between a 10-user company and 50-user company (not to mention a 100-user company) can be HUGE.

I've attended many vendor and channel seminars, presentations, conferences and 'breakfasts' talking about the SMB 'space' and almost all completely disregard the bottom part of that market and so make sweeping assumptions that just aren't valid. Many times I have left day-long conferences after the morning session when I realised that despite it being billed as covering 'SMBs', the reality was that the vendor was only really interested in, well, 'MBs'.

For SMALL businesses, Microsoft's removal of SBS with pre-packaged Exchange is a big driver in moving to the cloud. Many of those companies have aging SBS 2008 or even 2003 servers and the massive increase in cost to retain in-house e-mail is simply too much for most. So, off to Office365 or Gmail or an equivalent 'cloud' solution. From there, we have found that these companies look to move more and more into the cloud.

We do not have a single client previously on SBS that has decided to stick with in-house e-mail going forward, given the cost of the extra licenses for Exchange over the SBS package. They are going to 'the cloud' for lack of any other viable option.