Re: Attribution is a myth
"to it appearing at a distant server can be minutes (or even hours)"
With many targets for espionage, a delay of even days or weeks tends to be acceptable. Most intelligence work's priority is protection of transfer medium rather than how quickly the data can be transferred. If it takes weeks for a spy to get specs on an adversary's new bit of kit, they spying country can accept several weeks delay in getting it as the adversary isn't going to be deploying, let alone replacing, that new piece of kit anytime soon (Like the Harrier jet or the Minuteman ICBM). Protecting their source is going to be much more important in that case.
But back to the original topic, the only real way to determine who is spying on you is to observe the actions of everyone else and see how they react. Especially if the information is that your country is planning to move troops form one location to another. If any country moves their troops closer to the destination or away from the source, it becomes obvious who is and is not spying.