* Posts by Alan Brown

15029 publicly visible posts • joined 8 Feb 2008

Sons of IoT: Bikers hack Jeeps in auto theft spree

Alan Brown Silver badge

Re: Electronic Keys Unsafe? Guess What, so are Mechanical Keys!

"I've got a rfid token sewn into my glove, and a latching relay setup."

In the old days (before immobilisers) people would have hidden switches controlling the ignition or fuel pumps. These worked relatively well until thieves started working out that they existed and looking for them (there are only so many places you can put a hidden switch and still have it reachable from the driver's seat.)

My modification on this theme was a monostable timer driving a relay which shunted the ignition controller (aftermarket TAI fitted) on a 15 seconds on 30 seconds off cycle. The only time someone managed to steal the car (using a key they'd stolen from inside the house), we found it a few dozen yards down the road. It seems thieves don't like "unreliable" cars.

Alan Brown Silver badge

Re: Are Jeeps that expensive?

"That's $30,000 per vehicle! For dodgy second-hand parts sold under the counter?"

Yup. The secondhard parts value of most cars is higher than the intact sale price.

For high end models the darknet secondhand price is frequently higher than the NEW price of a vehicle and there's somewhat of a market for factory runouts to go straight to breakers for various models.

Alan Brown Silver badge

Re: Nothing to hide

"hard-to-get-to place behind the windscreen (in addition to the one on the car ID plate) "

1: It's not hard to get at if you remove the windscreen and even without breaking the screen there's somewhat of a dark industry in making fake vin plates that can be slipped into position without looking out of place. I'm a bit surprised that most makers haven't put some kind of tamper shield around the location.

2: The VIN is stamped on a half dozen other (usually undocumented) places on every european/japanese/american vehicle made in the last 30 years (it was one of those hidden VINs which identified the truck that Timothy McVeigh used). This is how "cloned cars" are usually confirmed, as crims are only going to change the 2 obvious locations and expect that the mark won't check the others.

Alan Brown Silver badge

Re: Not IoT related, just bad security

"you can smash a window, wiggle you arm to the diagnostic port without triggering the alarm"

Which is why a decent alarm includes a glass break sensor as well as movement ones.

Alan Brown Silver badge

Re: Alarms

"If you lock the car with the key then you can unlock with the key and the alarm won't go off,"

That's because the alarm wasn't set in the first place. It's only activated if you use the fob. Don't tell your insurer you're in the habit of doing that or they'll cancel your policy.

Alan Brown Silver badge

Re: Alarms

"No names, since the flaw is almost certainly common across the entire range of vehicles from this manufacturer, with whom I am still in discussion."

Expect to see a gagging action in 3...2...1...

Alan Brown Silver badge

"If you legitimately open the door by mechanically unlocking the door lock the alarm should not go off. "

It does on most european cars. Disabling the alarm is done with the remote and if you have to go in with a key the only way to silence the alarm is to put a valid (paired) key into the ignition.

India sets June 5 as the day it will join the heavy-lift rocket club

Alan Brown Silver badge

Re: Not really heavy is it?

The problem at the moment is that NOBODY has 50T to LEO capability.

The last launcher capable of that was Saturn V (anything which didn't reach orbit doesn't count, so don't bring up Energia or N1)

The next rocket to beat that threshold will be Falcon Heavy and I'm sure that Elon named it so he can swear in public with a straight face.

BT considers scrapping 'gold-plated' pensions in bid to plug £14bn deficit

Alan Brown Silver badge

Re: Much like my pension, which I'll likely never get.

"A pension is a life insurance."

No, it was SOLD as life insurance.

When the goalposts keep being shifted, it's a pyramid scam.

At the feet of the Great Monad, or, How the functional programming craze plays out

Alan Brown Silver badge

Re: Been there, done that

"You forgot to mention that the card decks would be dropped or otherwise shuffled by the recipients, both before and after being processed."

Which is why you always put a stripe across the top of the deck with a big black marker.

Alan Brown Silver badge

Re: Been there, done that

"There was a joke back in the 70s & 80s that as all the particle physicists shared code, a significant number of the particles discovered were probably Fortran bugs."

They still do and they probably are - and they're still insisting on having Fortran 77 support.

NORK spy agency blamed for Bangladesh cyberheist, Sony Pictures hack

Alan Brown Silver badge

Re: Still not convinced

"When you keep setting off nuclear bombs while shouting to the world that you'll start launching them at people any minute now, how exactly is hacking a few banks to steal a few million dollars going to make things worse?"

The one is theatre (if the norks were to launch a nuke outside their own borders, they'd find Chinese and Russian nukes parked in their front yard as well as american ones.)

It distracts from what they're actually doing - amongst other things, the world's most sophisticated currency counterfeiting operations, massive levels of methamphetamine exports, various other gangster activities. This cyber-ops stuff is just branching out.

The general concensus is that China "tolerate" the Norks - and not because of the USA being in Seoul (if the Koreas are united, the UN mandate expires and USA troops get to go home) or because S.Korea is wealthy. The _real_ risk is 20-something million starving people heading north looking for food, which is something that noone's equipped to handle.(*)

Bear in mind that North Korea is a creation of Stalin, not Mao and that Russia has historically been the Norks' largest trading partners.

(*) It's arguable that if the chinese high speed rail network was built into Shenyang "just so", then it could be used as a logistical jumping off point to ensure not only that food and medical supplies can be gotten to the border rapidly, but that refugees can be moved away from the area to better-equipped locations too. That's somewhere in the future though. If the chinese do it in a blatently obvious fashion before other expansion is done then the Norks might get nervous and start throwing a hissy-fit. As it stands the lines running close to the border are all low speed ones.

UK surveillance law raises concerns security researchers could be 'deputised' by the state

Alan Brown Silver badge

Cores cores everywhere

"I expect to see a lot of researchers putting up warrant canaries if this ever happens."

If you have one up, you can expect to be given an order under IPA to keep the canary active or go to jail.

BA CEO blames messaging and networks for grounding

Alan Brown Silver badge

Re: BTW there is also an MS version of MQ series.

> am I alone in finding that more (younger) people really struggle with the idea ... ("We'll send it by email.", "er, what if it doesn't arrive ?", "but that never happens ...").

No you're not and many of the worst offenders are people old enough amd experienced enough to know far better.

They're also the same people who use email as a multi-terabyte document repository, then complain because the servers (which haven't been upgraded to cope) are struggling/crashing, or won't let you change the storage methods to something which _WILL_ cope because of the "risk"

Alan Brown Silver badge

> The "aircraft maintenance process" is overseen by the CAA, to stop people doing shortcuts.

And all the "paperwork" is on..... computers in BA's datacentre.

As were all the loadout calculations and a bunch of other safety critical functions.

Alan Brown Silver badge

Re: Latest config not saved

"Allright, my bet is that the power failure is caused by putting too much load on the circuits at one time. Either from a mass reboot or the cooling systems not behaving nicely, or being mismanaged."

If any of the above happen, then the power system is mismanaged.

If it can't survive a mass reboot then you beef it up or don't let such a thing ever happen

I can't fathom DCs which appear to only have one (or two) cooling systems. This falls under "not a good idea" for a number of reasons - and after some nasty experiences with dickheaded wiring on "centrally managed" cooling(*), I'm minded to insist on completely independent command and control systems for each one even if that puts the cost up a little.

(*) Hint: Guess what happens to your 5 "independent" cooling systems if the central panel goes "phut" ?

Alan Brown Silver badge

Re: Ethernet

"Networks are supposed to be redundant - that's the whole point of spanning trees and routing protocols."

Spanning tree operated over a domain more than 5 switches wide is a disaster waiting to happen (that's what it was designed for). It can be a disaster on domains even smaller than that if there's LACP involved (any LACP disturbances result in a complete spanning tree rebuild, so you don't want LACP to your servers unless the switches they're connected to don't use spanning tree to the rest of the network)

Thankfully there are better alternatives.

I deployed TRILL on our campus a couple of years ago. Whilst the switchmakers primarily push it as a datacentre protocol it was _DESIGNED_ for campus-wide/MAN applications and will work across WANs too. (Bypass Cisco and look around, there are a number of OEMs all selling using Broadcom's excellent Trident2+ descendants, with far better levels of support than Cisco sell)

Naked TRILL does leave a (small) SPOF - routers for inter-subnet work, but that was plugged a while back: https://tools.ietf.org/html/rfc7956 - The distributed L3 extension to TRILL takes care of that nicely and means one less complicating factor can be taken out of the loop (no need for VRRP or OSPF or other failover protocols within the network, just at the edges)

Alan Brown Silver badge

erm

Fully redundant networking systems with rapid convergence and no spanning tree storms are even easier to implement than full DR across multiple datacentres.

This makes no sense unless someone's been lobotomising the internal IT structures.

Nvidia: Pssst... farmers. Need to get some weeds whacked?

Alan Brown Silver badge

Re: If you can spray between the weeds

"you could hoe too"

Does anyone else remember Tom Selleck chasing down an errant weeding robot in "Runaway" ?

Britain's on the brink of a small-scale nuclear reactor revolution

Alan Brown Silver badge

Re: Still not LFTR time

" it would be fuel salt that is leaking, which would not solidify due to the fission products in the salt, but would instead boil off,"

it would be fuel salt that is leaking, which would not solidify due to the fission products in the salt, but would instead boil off,

FLIBE boils at about 1500-1600C.

Fission reactions are self-limiting at 1150-1200C (which is about the same temperature as the centre of a conventional fuel rod) thanks to doppler limiting

How exactly would this stuff "boil off"?

Moltex' design is a hybrid which would allow conventional light water designs to be built using MSR pipes instead of ceramic fuel rods.

The Chinese first concept is using a pebblebed because that's been done before (germany) and they're working along the lines of verifying each step before moving to the next one. The Pebblebed MSR should be operational in the next 2-3 year and the experimental fuel salt designs are expected to follow about 5 years later.

Alvin Weinberg built and ran the Oak RIdge experiment between 1958 and 1968. He certainly didn't big-bang everything from day one and a lot of the planned work on breeding was blocked when Nixon realised it would compete with the SoCal mob.

Alan Brown Silver badge

Re: LFTR time

"Wind and solar are fine, "

No they're not. Not by a long shot.

If you look at _actual_ installations and _actual_ outputs and scale them up to what's _actually_ possible (even discarding safety limits to allow for windmill blades going over a mile if they break off) and carpet the countryside in windmills and PV, you'll _just_ be able to match the existing electrical generation fleet.

And that's without even going into the issue that large windmills are eating gearboxes at a prodigious rate, such that pretty much the only way to make money off them - even with subsidies - is to be paid not to run them. Or the issue of the hydrofluric acid mess unfolding in China from manufacture of solar panels (putting the potable water of several tens of millions of people at risk)

Forget paving the Sahara. Firstly it's not ours and secondly the practical limit on electrical transmission systems before losses become excessive is about 1500 miles, unless someone's come up with some magic pixie dust that make ultra-low-loss Megavolt transmission lines practical (higher than that and they start arcing to ground) with the limit dropping to a few tens of miles for underwater links.

Chad, Morocco and others might be able to use it as a good power source but not Europe.

Now factor in that electricity accounts for 35-40% of carbon emission, with virtually all the rest being taken up in industrial processes (mainly heat), domestic heating (gas/oil) and transportation. Electrify those and you need to increase your generation capacity by a factor of _AT LEAST_ 6 to keep up, if not 8

Now factor in the developing world. You can't leave them out or their carbon emissions will simply rise to match what we reduce by, as they work to advance their economies.

To be serious about reducing carbon emissions and avoid an anoxic oceanic event, we need to have embarked on a crash nuclear building program a decade ago, but the problem with THAT is that there's nowhere near enough uranium available "off the shelf" to start the things and only enough reserves to run them for about 150-200 years at the scale required. Compare and contrast with _known_ thorium reserves at the scale required being about 200,000 years' worth and hundreds of thousands of tons available right now (it's a nuisance waste byproduct of rare earth mining and difficulty disposing of it is why most of the rare earth mines in the USA closed down)

Yes you need uranium or other fissiles to start a thorium reactor but think of it as a starter motor and once the thorium reactor is running you can syphon out enough fissiles to start a new one relatively easily.

The country which can build and distribute LFTR designs to the developing world over the next 2 decades is the one which will call the economic shots for the next 2-3 centuries.

Alan Brown Silver badge

Re: >"passive" safety systems that do not require human intervention

"I find mooted similarities in design with submarine reactors hardly reassuring in that context."

Ditto.

ALL the submarine reactors are based on the same basic Gen1 Weinberg principles - and they all use Uranium, which means you're spending an insane amount of energy and throwing away 90% of the fuel before it even sees the inside of a nuclear reactor - worse still, that fuel is a weapons proliferation risk.

More importantly, submarine reactors are _small_ and have virtually _infinite_ cooling capacity available (the sea's just outside the hull). If your design isn't capable of rejecting all its waste heat to air then sooner or later you're going to have a problem.

Alan Brown Silver badge

Re: The trouble with "failsafe"

"IIRC Windscale happened because someone thought it a good idea to have a reactor which basically worked like a coal fire, with a through air flow. Then the radioactive bits got hot and the carbon caught fire"

More or less. But remember that Windscale's _sole_ purpose was to produce plutonium to make nuclear weapons. The military (all militaries) has repeatedly played fast and loose with safety protocols when it's suited them to do so.

Bear _that_ in mind when you realise that the water moderated reactors we know and love are "modernised" and "safened" versions of an experimental nuclear reactor primarily designed as proof of concept - and whose inventor subsequently sat down and _built_ a new _intrinsically safe_ design with safety designed in at every stage of the process to ensure that operator abuse couldn't result in an accident of the kinds we've seen over the years and which didn't rely on bomb fuel to operate it.

Alan Brown Silver badge

Re: Russia

"The current new kid on the block is the sodium-cooled BN-800 which started up a couple of years ago."

Yeah, because liquid sodium is an intrinsically safe cooling material, even if the loop that happens to get exposed to air doesn't happen to be radioactive, and putting out a fire involving 30 tonnes of sodium that happened to find its way into the basement is easy. (Monju)

There needs to be a checklist of "SHALL NOT" for nuclear reactors and "be able to catch fire" high up on it.

The americans and russians never managed to stop their sodium rigs from catching fire and not to be outdone, the Japanese built Monju. The plant is now being dismantled.

I don't care that "modern technology means it will never leak", the fact that "if it does leak, it WILL burn, it's nearly impossible to put out, and it WILL burn a big hole in the loop causing the rest of the coolant to leak out, giving you an even bigger fire" means that even that "one in a million chance" is one too many.

Lead cooled sounds safe enough but the russians found out the hard way on one submarine that if you let it solidify you can't get to the fuel rods.

If you want to swing your power levels (load follow) then you can't use fuel rods. The Xenon needs to be able to be vented off because apart from the neutron poisoning aspect the sheer pressure of its presence inside the rods breaks the fuel pellets down to a fine powder. That's where MSRs win.

Alvin Weinberg looked at what commerce was doing with his lovely little submarine reactor (powered by uranium because that's what they had available at the time thanks to the weapons program), threw up his hands in horror at the safety issues and came up with an intrinsically safe design. His reward was to be fired and driven out of the industry. Would you run a car using cordite as the fuel?

Apps will need to be re-coded to go faster with storage-class RAM

Alan Brown Silver badge

Concurrent code might well be expensive but in scientific computing there's far too much absolute crap out there that simply expects a faster single threaded CPU and infinite ram and whose developers throw a hissy fit if they don't get it.

British prime minister slams Facebook and pals for votes

Alan Brown Silver badge

Re: The leadership of Afghanistan/Egypt were unpalatable

"Malaysia (whist not under sharia law) also seems to be doing quite fine thank you so much even whilst they're in the firing line of ISIS too?"

last time I was in east malaysia (which was about 15 years ago), The Internet cafes all had pictures of Osama bin Laden smiling down from the walls, etc - despite them being completely illegal

ISIS/Al Q/Taliban/Abu Sayaf and others had a foothold there a long time ago and their presence was pretty much encouraged the 400+ year ongoing holy war launched by the catholic nutters at the other end of the Sulu Sea.

US laptops-on-planes ban may extend to flights from ALL nations

Alan Brown Silver badge

Re: Removable batteries

" A woman kinky enough to wear a dildo bomb in a lower orifice pretty much represents no holds barred. "

Whilst this might seem like a new idea it's not - and the amount of damage done in the cabin by bombs of this size have only been enough to kill whoever was sitting in the seat and perhaps a couple around it.

Keeping valuables safe dates at least as far back as "Papillion" (look up his description of "chargers") and instead of exploding one in-situ, you can always extract it in the lavatory and put it under a seat (this has been done at least once already)

Alan Brown Silver badge

Re: Nice try, but...

"After flying once to NZ via the hell-hole that is LA transit, I have flown via Singapore to NZ since then."

I've been both ways several times. It's nicer via HK or BKK, but LAX was "best avoided" back in the 1980s let alone more recent times.

I haven't tried the Gulf route (yet) and the idea of a flight of that duration makes me shudder.

As for "Air NZ" - there are better airlines to fly to NZ with (and a lot worse ones too).

Alan Brown Silver badge

Re: "a pressurized hold is crew-accessible so as to deal with live cargo"

"Not all holds (many planes don't have a single hold, they have separated ones) are easily accessible by the crew"

MOST underfloor holds are inaccessible (without tearing up panels and carpets - some do have emergency access panels but the hint is in the word emergency). Even for the ones that are, contrary to TV representation, you'd find your way obstructed by LD3-type containers (actual type will vary by aircraft) - even if not full of cargo they'll stack empties in there to stop things moving around.

There might be a crew rest or other prep area below decks but these aren't holds and seldom offer access to the hold areas - and even if they did, the fact that it's stuff full of cargo containers isn't going to make access possible.

Alan Brown Silver badge

Re: Not a Chartered/Certifies Engineer or engineer but

"That means you can have great big gaping holes in the side of your aircraft and the plane will be able to fly and land without any problem."

That really depends where the holes are and how fast the aircraft is going.

The Lockerbie bomb only put a small hole in the side of the aircraft. Depressurisation made it a bit larger, but the protruding material at the edges caught a 600mph airstream and things unravelled pretty quickly from that point.

Alan Brown Silver badge

Re: Not a Chartered/Certifies Engineer or engineer but

"the pressurised cabin" ...."an unpressurised hold"

Whatever gave you the idea that holds are unpressurised?

Unheated maybe, but definitely not unpressurised on a jetliner, else the floor would buckle.

Alan Brown Silver badge

"It could become a a cancer hazard for frequent fliers."

I suggest you acquaint yourself with radiation doses from Xrays vs radiation doses from being at 30,000 feet (hint, the latter is far higher than the former and contains high energy protons in addition to simple ionising radiation)

Alan Brown Silver badge

"As it happens, we know that there has been a partially successful attack in Africa whereby a doctored laptop exploded, killing no-one but the attacker."

Said laptop was handed to the attacker AFTER he cleared security.

It's all about theatre, not reality.

Your job might be automated within 120 years, AI experts reckon

Alan Brown Silver badge

Re: Will not take my job, as will be dead

"120 years ago I'm sure someone was predicting that the automobile would put livery stables and buggy whip makers out of work - and it did. "

Most people were more worried by the impending apocalypse of being buried under the tidal wave of horse shit that was rapidly making streets impassable.

Alan Brown Silver badge

Re: Natural barrier to runaway

"(#) I figured out that if built from 1940s-style valves/tubes with minimal spacing, a recent two-billion transistor Intel Core i7 CPU would occupy *six* 50m-high office blocks."

No it wouldn't. If you did that, it'd run for less than 5 minutes, then overheat and the minimal spacing means that nothing could ever be replaced. Allowing enough space for cooling and maintenance would increase that footprint by a factor of 20 or so. Then you need to factor in the power supplies.

1940s style computers made heavy use of 807 triodes. These had an operational life of 6-8 weeks under heavy load - or at least the ones I was constantly replacing in 1950s era SW transmitters during the 1980s did.

Bitcoin exchange Coinbase crashes after Asian buying frenzy

Alan Brown Silver badge

Re: "Legal tender"?

If Mr Sakamoto should ever cash in a single one of his BC, the market would crash overnight. It's a very interesting pyramid scheme when you look at it that way.

BA's 'global IT system failure' was due to 'power surge'

Alan Brown Silver badge

Re: Power spikes & surges

"He said that these gadgets create voltage spikes which can affect delicate electronic kit "

If they can 'affect delicate electronic equipment' then something's not complying with standards and it isn't the incoming power that's out of spec....

Seriously. The _allowable_ quality of mains power hasn't changed since the 1920s. Brownouts, minor dropouts, massive spikes and superimposed noises are _all_ acceptable. The only thing that isn't allowed is serious deviation from the notional 50Hz supply frequency (60Hz if you're in certain countries)

This is _why_ we use the ultimate power conditioning system at $orkplace - a flywheel

As for your "spike-buster", if things are as bad as you say, you'll probably find the internal filters are dead in 3-6 months with no indication other than the telltale light on it having gone out.

If your equipment is that touchy (or your power that bad), then use a proper UPS with brownout/spike filtering such as one of these: http://www.apc.com/shop/th/en/products/APC-Smart-UPS-1000VA-LCD-230V/P-SMT1000I

Alan Brown Silver badge

Re: Tata Consultancy.... surprised at incompetency.... I am not

"This is time for the british public to demand that BA "

The "british public" can't demand anything. BA is owned by a spanish private consortium.

So that's a lack of excellence in engineering OR customer service.

Alan Brown Silver badge

Re: Maintain your generators

"Also, people expect 3 year old fuel not to clog the filters."

Which is why you have circulation pumps, regular run tests, redundant filtration systems and duplicated fuel gauges.

Of course, if it's all put together by speed-e-qwik building contractors then you'd better be absolutely sure you covered every last nut bolt and washer in your contract and specified that any departures _they_ make from the plans are not allowed (else they will and then try to charge you for putting it right)

Alan Brown Silver badge

"You can't power the same stuff from 2 different grids at the same time."

Yes, you can: It's all in the secret sauce.

https://www.upssystems.co.uk/knowledge-base/understanding-standby-power/

And when it's really critical, you DON'T connect the DC directly to the external grid. That's what flywheel systems are for (you can't afford power glitches when testing spacecraft parts as one f'instance)

http://www.power-thru.com/ (our ones run about 300kW continuous load apiece and have gennies backing them up.)

For the UK, Caterpillar have some quite nice packaged systems ranging from 250kVA to 3500kVA - and they can be stacked if you need need more than that or to build up from a small size as your DC grows.

http://www.cat.com/en_GB/products/new/power-systems/electric-power-generation/continuous-power-module/1000028362.html

So, yes. This _is_ a solved problem - and it's been a solved problem for at least a couple of decades.

Alan Brown Silver badge

Re: Happenings ten years time ago

"I have some notoriously difficult to use air miles which I intend to at least try and use before I finish flying with that airline for good!"

They can generally be used elsewhere within the same alliance.

Alan Brown Silver badge

Re: Penny wise pound foolish

"So they're only telling 1/10th of the real story, enough to make everyone think they are not to blame, when in fact they probably are."

Which is probably why the utility companies are now all stepping forward to categorically deny any kind of power surge anywhere in the country.

Alan Brown Silver badge

Re: Back in the day...

"the office space contingency was to rent a spare location if our offices ever burnt down"

Oh, so you need that much space, that urgently? Sure, I can do that for a 2500% premium.

Alan Brown Silver badge

Re: Cynical Me

"Was there any review in terms of obtaining another genny and/or onsite sparkie during operational hours? No."

In other words, next time it happens the site manager won't bother.

It's amazing how much money there is to fix things AFTER the stable door has been smashed to smithereens.

Alan Brown Silver badge

Re: Is it because BA waived Tata

You say "the" data centre, like you expect it's normal to only have one of them.

Australian Taxation Office won't penalise Plutus contractors

Alan Brown Silver badge

"Employers are also in a double bind with superannuation contributions. "

But this (and the tax liabilities) are why you (as an employer) have liability insurance.

ARM talks up fresh CPUs and a GPU, all tuned for AI

Alan Brown Silver badge

still only octocore

Why this fixation with the number that shall not be mentioned?

'Major incident' at Capita data centre: Multiple services still knackered

Alan Brown Silver badge

Re: Probably got their own staff to install the back up generators

Which is fine until someone shuts off the feed to one of the tanks (vandalism) and said driver pumps N amount of fuel because that's what he's expecting to pump instead of looking at the fill gauges and stopping when they say "stop"

Cue multiple thousand litres of diesel not being in the tanks, but instead in the stormwater system and lots of people asking "what's that smell?"

Alan Brown Silver badge

"beancounters that run businesses like Crapita (looking at you Serco, Egis, and Leidos) don't get really simple preparedness and mitigation concepts"

Then you ensure that the SLAs they sell you hold water and have penalty clauses.

'Do not tell Elon': Ex-SpaceX man claims firm cut corners on NASA part tests

Alan Brown Silver badge

Re: Don't be their 'rogue engineer'

"but my point is that email can be easily manipulated, even if your company uses email as evidence."

Cryptographically signed email is much harder to fiddle with.