Offering up a slight correction, because someone will (or should) pull me up on this. A purely 24fps film projection would actually have a very noticeable flicker, though the illusion of motion would still exist. One of the tricks projectors use is to open and shut the light gate twice on each frame, create a 48Hz strobe, which cons the eye into persisting the image longer and blending each frame together. It's kinda sorta hacking into visual processing that eliminates saccades (the constant re-orienting of the eye to scan across a scene) which we don't perceive because our brains are pretty fancy at visual processing. But again, this is still the barest minimum necessary to create the illusion of continuous motion without any obvious flicker.
Active screens work a little differently, for obvious reasons, but they all aim for the same goal of hitting your eye with as many screen refreshes as possible in any given second, because the only realistic limit on how much information our eyes can take in from a screen is technological. We can theoretically perceive visual changes in terms of kHz, though that's rather ignoring the reality of how the eye works. There is no latency, framerate, or response time to measure in the eye, because the eye is not a discrete, quantised sensor, but a set of analog receptors backed up by an immensely powerful visual processing machine.
tl;dr we don't see the world in frames. They're an abstraction generated to describe a particular technology, which also serve as a pretty good example of the restrictions on thought and understanding that a linguistic or cultural paradigm can create.