The article mentions Fushsia presents a POSIX system call interface and that libc will be available. Between those two items, you're close as damnit to drop-in user land tools, e.g. Dalvik/ART/Play Services. Android currently uses a Googly variant of libc, but libhybris has made it possible to run the rest of the Android stack on stock libc. I suspect Dalvik and ART (more so because they're pre-compiled) apps won't notice an OS change. As long as the same POSIX/Linux, OpenGL, OpenCL, etc APIs are available, native apps may also not notice.
Oreo's separation of the OEM blobs from the main OS also helps. Fushsia, like SailfishOS, LineageOS, etc, could just piggyback off the existing Android HAL blobs.
This is probably the road Samsung had been aiming for with Tizen, i.e. being able to just swap it out under the waterline, but Google's progressive moving of functionality out of AOSP into Play Services scuppered that idea. The locking down of the Play Store against "uncertified" devices may well be one more ratchet of that thumb screw.