back to article Trickle-down economics works: SpaceShipTwo is a prime example

For the sake of my expenditure on blood pressure pills I really ought to stop reading those attempts The Guardian sometimes makes at making sense of matters economic. The latest cause of choler is Zoe Williams telling us all how Brit billionaire Richard Branson's space tourism (triggered, obviously, by the story of the very …

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  1. Dave 126 Silver badge

    Bicycles were originally the playthings of the rich.

    After a while, they became affordable and allowed people who could never have afforded a horse to make trips to the next neighbouring towns and back in a day. This led to marriages between people who otherwise would have never have met, with effects on the British gene-pool. Decades later, the image of thousands of workers commuting by bicycle became almost a big a symbol of communist China as Chairman Mao.

    Okay, there are some big gaps in my analogy, but attacking private space travel merely on the grounds of 'rich man's playthings' doesn't hold.

    1. Stuart 22

      Bicycles are good. Yes, they like most things rely on the economies of volume and technological advances to make them useful to non-billionaires. Cars went down the same cycle. Becoming, arguably, too successful but that's another argument. The same could claimed for aeroplanes.

      They were all *NEW* methods of transportation that needed time and money to perfect. SS2 is not. I mean I'm having difficulty seeing it as much more than a slightly scaled up version of the X-planes being dropped by B-29s over 50 years ago.

      There is much to do in making space travel and research cheaper and more accessible. That is good for society (well those who enjoyed Star Trek ;-) Which is why I draw a deep divide between what Elon Musk is doing and Richard Branson. Isn't Elon doing it as part payback on the internet fortune he gathered whilst Richard largely spends other people's money to promote his brand and himself?

      One is interested in the future of mankind, the other only in himself (allegedly). I 'll make my bets on who will leave the greater legacy.

      1. Gordon 10
        FAIL

        I would argue that they are 2 different ways of contributing to the same goal - getting our race off of this planet so we can further continue the species. Only history will be able to judge to what degree each effort contributed.

        For instance its possible that the shuttlecock device on SS2 might be re-used in the future on higher orbiting craft - we just don't know.

      2. I ain't Spartacus Gold badge

        Stuart 22,

        I don't think you're correct at all. And I don't think you have any basis to make assumptions about other people's motives, just because you may happen to like one of them more than the other.

        Elon Musk is taking a design that's barely changed for decades, and an industry that's got fat and lazy on government pork, and giving it a mighty kick up the arse. This is great for the rocket industry, as the cosy old one wasn't using newer technology to make things cheaper. Now they'll have to.

        But rocketry has its limitations. Even with viable re-usable first stages.

        Another way to get to orbit would be to use aerodynamics to get you as high as possible, and only rely on rockets for the last stage. That's what Reaction Engines are doing with Skylon and Virgin Galactic / Scaled Composites are doing with Spaceship 2. In the case of Skylon they're trying to solve the problem with one vehicle, whereas Scaled/Virgin are using a carrier plane to get to 40,000 feet.

        This may turn out to be the most efficient. The heavy wings and engines you need for lower atmosphere work can be the most efficient possible, as that's all they do. Then the spaceship component only needs the bits for the upper atmosphere, and space itself. In principle it also ought to be safer, as you're using proven (cheap) technology to get to 40,000 feet, rather than a giant barely controlled explosion rocket.

        That shuttlecock tale may be the invention that makes this technology work. Although I don't know if it's good enough for orbital speeds, or if it's possible to carry enough fuel to slow down in orbit enough that you can drop into the atmosphere at safe speed. After all, aeorbraking requires a huge heavy coating of ceramic, to cope with re-entry heating. So it may turn out more efficient to carry a less heavy amount of fuel, and do without the heat shield.

        So far as I'm aware none of these 3 options are technological dead-ends. There's loads of development still to do, and materials science is advancing still. It may be we use them all for different things. Rockets will win on heavy lift, but maybe they can never be made much safer, and so spaceplanes will be the way to get people to orbit. And may end up cheaper for small payloads.

        Plus there's also hypersonic travel. Concorde shaved 3 hours off the Atlantic crossing. That's nice, but not a game-changer. If you could shave 20 hours off the flight to Australia, that is an enormous difference. Paying £10,000 to fly there in 3 hours, rather than £1,000 to do it in a day, doesn't look like a ludicrous thing to do.

        1. Vladimir Plouzhnikov

          There are generally 2 ways to go about progress in commercialisation of a difficult and risky high-energy technology, such as space travel:

          1) making incremental steps from simple to more complex, risking an occasional disaster but keeping the commercial risks manageable; or

          2) sitting and waiting for the government to do all the development work and bring it to you wrapped up in gift paper and ready for use.

          If you choose No.2 you will wait for 100 years for it to become ready and when you get it you will realise that it's too heavy to fly, too expensive to operate and you can't actually use it because of health and safety and anti-money laundering regulations. In the meantime, your competitors will have been running their commercial operations for years and you'd stand no chance of competing with them in any case.

          If you choose No.1 - you have to do it like Branson unless you are Carlos Slim or Bill Gates and can afford to burn a few billion USD in the case it all goes kaput (technically or commercially).

          1. Death Boffin
            Boffin

            Government Tied up in Bow

            Chances are very good that right now you are using a technology that government developed and then had it all tied up in a bow for commercial use. That technology is Gallium Arsenide. It is in most cell phones and WiFi access points. In the 1980's it was a laboratory curiosity, then the military started to develop it for their needs, funding the development and infrastructure to produce it. They also realized that to keep their costs down the producers needed a commercial market to get volume up and prices down. So in the 1990's, it began to be commercialized and entered the cell phone market. By the 2000's the commercial market led production.

            1. Roadcrew
              Boffin

              Re: Government Tied up in Bow

              IIRC....

              When working in Dallas I was told that Bob Biard at TI was a GaAs pioneer in the early 60s - the IR LED specifically. They were around the industry in the late 70s, I'm sure.

              Think there may have been a GaAs front end to the TI GSM 'phone chipset in the '90s?

              The RF & IC development did come much later than the IR LEDs - wasn't there even a rad-hard CPU from someone?

              Original IR LED was allegedly a TI private venture....

        2. the spectacularly refined chap

          That shuttlecock tale may be the invention that makes this technology work. Although I don't know if it's good enough for orbital speeds, or if it's possible to carry enough fuel to slow down in orbit enough that you can drop into the atmosphere at safe speed. After all, aeorbraking requires a huge heavy coating of ceramic, to cope with re-entry heating. So it may turn out more efficient to carry a less heavy amount of fuel, and do without the heat shield.

          It's generally assumed the shuttlecock technology will never be any good for orbital flight where the energy levels are so much higher. For example simply lifting a 1 tonne mass to 100km requires (if I've got my sums right) giving it 1GJ of energy. To put it into orbit at that altitude requires moving it sideways at 7.8km/s. That means giving it another 61GJ.

          However, there are alternatives between the two, you don't need a Shuttle-style heat shield. Apollo or Soyuz style ablative heat shields are a lot simpler, cheaper and more robust but are essentially single use. A fully reusable heat shield a la the shuttle can still be a lot simpler and cheaper than that which was actually used: people were saying the design was madness even during development. That was because of the competing demands made of the shuttle, in particular the mix of manned spaceflight and heavy lift that in hindsight is utter folly. Remember just how heavy we are talking about for a moment - Hubble is the size of a double decker bus. That size and weight meant re-entry had to be slowed right down - from 2-3 minutes for Apollo to 10-15 for the shuttle. It was the need of a shield good for that greater duration that caused all the problems. In other words, the usual totally unrealistic constraint that design by committee imposes.

          Returning to the wider point comparing the approaches of Musk and Branson you do need an entrepreneurial approach and yes businesses need to make money in order to survive long term, without which the undertaking lasts either as long as the eccentric or his money. Without long term plans that end with profitability you get another Blackburn Rovers. Just how many millions did Jack Walker squander? Sure, that money made a brief impact, but what good has it done in the long term? Money without a route to viability is just that: whatever money you put in. Money with a plan for long term profits can create something that lasts far longer than the original creator.

          1. Tim Worstal

            Weirdly

            Something a little odd about heat shields. I was once contacted by Nasa and asked if I could supply them with some scandium (which many around here will know is my day job). They wanted to make some scandium aluminide to test as a heat shield. Thinking (v. long term of course) about the eventual Shuttle replacement.

            I've forgotten the exact words they used to describe ScAl3 but it was along the lines of "in theory the best material possible" to make such tiles/heat shield from. Very light, doesn't even deform until 1,400 oC and so on. We were supposed to get the purchase order from them on the Monday. Over the weekend that Shuttle came down in pieces and that was the last we heard about that project.

            ScAl3 would be mind garglingly expensive and I've no engineering knowledge at all, so don't know whether it would work. But maybe someone will try it some day.

          2. the spectacularly refined chap

            It's generally assumed the shuttlecock technology will never be any good for orbital flight where the energy levels are so much higher. For example simply lifting a 1 tonne mass to 100km requires (if I've got my sums right) giving it 1GJ of energy. To put it into orbit at that altitude requires moving it sideways at 7.8km/s. That means giving it another 61GJ.

            Ooops, I forgot to halve that. The second figure is of course 30GJ. The point still stands, it's over an order of magnitude more energy.

      3. ElectricRook

        open your eyes

        Someone has a very closed mind. Take off that cloth cap and realize that 175 lbs for $150k is also cheap satellite launches.

      4. DaLo

        If someone invests time, money and resources into trying something amazing that has sound theory then even if they fail it is still an advancement and good for society. That theory can be scrubbed out and we can move on (with their money at least being invested back in "the economy").

        This applies to all things like space flight, self driving cars and concept devices.

        However those that sit on a theory and don't proceed due to risk aversion, cost worries or general apathy don't really help anyone, they might even restrict anyone else from pursuing it.

        Maybe the risk will pay off and make a fortune, however it is better a private, rich individual take that risk than the government squandering billions.

        With Elon Musk , the jury is still out on whether electric cars can actually have as much market penetration as he hopes and become the primary vehicle power source of the near future. It is great that someone it ploughing lots of money into it to really try it out and try to prove the sceptics wrong. If he fails then most can be satisfied that it wasn't through a lack of trying.

    2. Anonymous Coward
      Happy

      @Dave126

      Don't forget, horses were once the playthings of the rich!!

      "Bow down to me, for I am Sir Puffery the Vainglorious! You peasant rabble don't stand a chance against my sword and lance!!....Hey, what are you doing with that longbow?....Hey! Hey!! Put that down!!!....AAAARRRGGHHHHH!!!!!!!!!"

  2. SDoradus

    Space isn't orbit

    I'd be a lot more impressed if the proposed space jaunts actually involved orbit and not simply a brief jaunt to the exosphere. But they don't, because the energy budget to orbit is simply prohibitive.

    That said, if it takes off as a tourist spectacle, I can see a lot of good science being done from a suborbital flight. And who knows, perhaps flights will gradually extend to intercontinental trips - a sort of super Concorde.

    1. Jon Egerton

      Re: Space isn't orbit

      I think that is where Branson is going with this - intercontinental trips at very high speed and sub-orbital altitudes. There's little point going into orbit in this case.

      The tourist thing is a nice prototype while things get ironed out, however turning it into a transit mechanism is where the money/business model will really come into its own.

    2. localzuk Silver badge

      Re: Space isn't orbit

      Thing is, the technology is also a proving ground for things like truly reusable rocketry - it'll be no use to Virgin Galactic to have to strip their ships down to bare components, replace half and rebuild every time they launch (like the Shuttle did). So, in essence, even though it is sub-orbital, its a technological stepping stone to further advancements.

    3. Russell Hancock

      Re: Space isn't orbit

      I agree with a bit of what you are saying but I see it slightly differently...

      Beating the car analogy to death - as cars became a commodity the rich looked for faster, more comfortable, more enjoyable, larger, whatever versions of them so they can have the next thrill. This is the way I see this evolving, the suborbital trips will become common place but companies will look how to make them last longer, be cheaper, more comfortable, go further. this should (in theory at least) lead to advances in all of space travel - cheaper heat shielding (yes i know that full orbital flight generates a lot more heat) better slowing methods, etc.

      I had not thought of the "launch in London land in New York" idea but that could very well the way this evolves, who knows? we all have different ideas, could this not spawn soimething that none of us have thought of yet?

      1. DragonLord

        Re: Space isn't orbit

        Don't forget that the hard part of space travel is actually getting into orbit. If we can perfect that then we can then work on getting the rest of the journey working better. It could also lead to developments of orbital production platforms (orbital drydocks for example)

      2. Anonymous Coward
        Anonymous Coward

        "launch in London land in New York"

        A modern day take on the Laker "Skytrain" of the 70's

    4. gloucester
      Go

      Re: Space isn't orbit

      To extend ~Sparticus's argument, if SS2 works, could someone not triple-deck the piggy-backing concept?

      Normal flight -> upper atmos/sub-orbital -> hop to orbit

      To mangle a Pratchett line, it'd be pigs all the way, erm, up.

  3. Pete 2 Silver badge

    Reel 'em in

    > The Guardian sometimes makes at making sense of matters economic. ... The latest cause of choler is Zoe Williams

    With very few exceptions, Guardian columnists craft their copy primarily as click bait. Most have little idea whether what they are writing is true, sensible, practical or possible, And no-one in the editorial chain seems to bother with any sort of fact checking.They seem to have a clique that is engaged in some sort of competition to write stuff simply to get a reaction - which, judging by the percentage of comments that are pulled for not meeting their community standards, they then subject to one of the most censorious regulation systems in the UK's "free" press.

    1. OurManInX

      Re: Reel 'em in

      Funny, that's what I think of Worstall articles - that is why they are here on a technology site.

      1. James 51

        Re: Reel 'em in

        You beat me too it. As I was reading it all I could of was don't feed the trolls.

      2. Random Q Hacker

        Re: Reel 'em in

        Indeed. "Trickle down works" but only from Worstall's orifices to the comments section.

        1. asdf

          Re: Reel 'em in

          Worstall is quite a piece of John Birch work ain't he?

    2. LucreLout

      Re: Reel 'em in

      With very few exceptions, Guardian columnists craft their copy primarily as click bait. Most have little idea whether what they are writing is true, sensible, practical or possible, And no-one in the editorial chain seems to bother with any sort of fact checking.They seem to have a clique that is engaged in some sort of competition to write stuff simply to get a reaction

      Yep - it constantly amazes me how many Guardian readers poke fun at the Daily Mail, yet utterly fail to realise they subscribe to exactly the same thing, just with a lefty outlook. Two sides of the same coin.

      1. Androgynous Cupboard Silver badge

        Re: Reel 'em in

        Be fair. The Graun has it's issues (just don't read the opinion pieces) but in general is a pretty good rag in terms of investigative journalism and general news. Ben Goldacre's columns (on hold, he's a busy man), the Snowden thing and the fact they didn't swallow Assange's spin, the Trafigura story, plus let's not forget the demise of the News of the World and the scalp of Andy Coulson - all Guardian work.

        By contrast the only good thing the Mail has done in the last 20 years is chase down the Stephen Lawrence story, and that only because his dad had done some work for Paul Dacre - they originally went with their usual black-urban-hoodlum fear piece. "Making Britain a more Fearful Place" seems to be the unwritten Mail group motto. That or "Things that cause or cure Cancer".

    3. Anonymous Coward
      Anonymous Coward

      Re: Reel 'em in

      With very few exceptions, Guardian columnists craft their copy primarily as click bait.

      I think it's wrong to generalise (yes, I'm aware of the implicit irony in that statement :) ). Any publication has good writers and click bait, if the editor gets the mix right it's is overall still a reasonable read.

      This is why you have to read different papers instead of just one: you get a reasonable balance overall, and it never hurts to examine a different point of view. Even if you don't agree, it is worth examining another take on things because matters are rarely black and white (if you need that sort of view, read the tabloids who exclusively seem to live on things they can screech about).

      Having said that, I actually agree with Worstall. It reminds me of the saying that progress depends on unreasonable people. Reasonable people - actually, more people without a vision to execute - are content with the status quo and would just pile up money where it is of no use to anyone. What would bug me is if that money had been amassed by dodgy means because then it's not really beneficial, it's IMHO more like being heralded (and sometime knighted) for a sort of money laundering in public. Branson has managed to stay away from that side quite well (or has better media managers than, say, Bill Gates)...

      1. Cliff

        Re: Reel 'em in

        Newspapers - funnily enough the one with least political slant and celebrity tittle-tattle is the FT, and it's probably the best of the British papers. I recommend starting with the Weekend edition, it has a fantastic arts section and very good mag with real articles and no filler 'look at these dresses' articles. Best thing is the paper doesn't condescend nor does it try to show off/elitist snobbery, has good world outward-looking view, and the journalism is good.

        Seriously, give it a proper try if you're sick of the rest of the press.

    4. This post has been deleted by its author

  4. chrisf1

    Not just trickle down

    Funny isn't it how high risk disruptive innovation seems to take high levels of disposable income? Who'd have thought. Then that other unsung hero of competition policy comes into play, incremental innovation and its ill regarded sibling cross licencing. Fair to say its not just the invisible hand of capitalism, downstream its enabled by competition policy and good intellectual property rights.

  5. Steve the Cynic

    Why supply-side / trickle-down failed...

    It's easy, really. The version of SSE/TD that is most often attempted by politicians - lower taxes for the rich in the belief/statement that they will spend that money, so everyone lower down the ladder will be better off - fails because of what they spend their money on. Generally (technological wizardry like rocket planes, Challenger Deep-grade submersibles, etc. aside(*)), they spend it on luxury goods *imported* from elsewhere, so when (e.g.) the US government tries this, the American rich buy Italian or German cars, fashion from Italy or France, and so on. Most of the money is *not* seen by those lower on the US ladder because it leaves the country.

    (*) Note also that the sort of rich man who finances the technological wizardry, whether from his own funds or via his company, will probably do it even if the government(s) is(are) on a no-SSE/TD schtick, so arguably these guys aren't an exception to the general failure of SSE/TD.

    1. Pete 2 Silver badge

      Re: Why supply-side / trickle-down failed...

      > lower taxes for the rich in the belief/statement that they will spend that money

      I think there's a little more to it than that.

      People don't get rich by spending money. They get rich by investing wisely (or exploiting the workers, if you're a Guardian columnist). So I think the motivation for reducing taxation on the wealthy - apart from the point that they can afford good accountants, so any tax they do pay is more like a voluntary donation - is that they will then invest their loot in promising enterprises which, when they succeed, will increase the wealth of the country (and hopefully pay a bit of tax, or employ lots of people).

      1. James 51

        Re: Why supply-side / trickle-down failed...

        "They get rich by investing wisely"

        So what do you call it when they 'invest' large sums of money in nominally politically incompatible parties and politicians?

        1. Allan George Dyer
          Pirate

          Re: Why supply-side / trickle-down failed...

          @James 51 - That would be bribing the Government promoting your legitimate business concerns.

        2. Tom 13

          Re: So what do you call it when they 'invest' large sums

          Protection money.

    2. Tom 13

      Re: Why supply-side / trickle-down failed...

      Except it didn't fail. It did exactly what Reagan expected it would do: increased tax receipts received by the federal government, and more so from rich people than poor people. What didn't happen and what Progs improperly blame him for is control spending. Tip O'Neill (the ultimate Prog of the 1980s) insisted on spending twice as much as Reagan increased revenue. Meanwhile, an economy that had been cratered by Jimmie Carter to the point that it was the worst recession since the Great Depression rebounded and started a sustained 25 year expansion that Billie "Blue Dress" Clinton later took credit for. It took another Democratic regime in 2006 to crater the economy in 2008. Once again they shifted blame to George W. Bush.

      1. asdf

        Re: Why supply-side / trickle-down failed...

        The saddest thing Tom 13 is I believe you sincerely believe your narrative and wrote it with a straight face.

    3. P. Lee

      Re: Why supply-side / trickle-down failed...

      So, Americans are rubbish at making nice things! ;)

      I don't agree with the conflation of supply-side and trickle down, but closer to the point, trickle-down is normally used as an excuse for unfettered wealth creation policies. The problem with this is that wealth tends to concentrate. Branson's space plane program is no excuse to have a "we love branson" tax regime.

      Trickle-down in tech does work but the article seems to think that this therefore applies to economics. It doesn't. Left to its own, the rich get richer until the revolution.

      If you want to make people richer, you have to do it slowly. Give them a lump sum and they'll go on holiday with it. You need to reduce debt and encourage saving. That makes you unpopular with banks and business. Encouraging people to dissipate their accrued value (wealth) by spending it in order to increase aggregate accrued value seems like nonsense to me. I missed the bit in history when we went from realising economic policies of the 70's were disastrous to rehabilitating Keynes. I know inflation destroys debt, but eventually, interest rates have to rise to finance our stupid government borrowing which funds demand management (and war) and that means lots of repossessions and more recession.

      Far better to adopt policies which make production cheap. By "cheap" I don't mean profitable, just make sure barriers aren't set so high that only incumbents can afford to produce. Encourage competition - competition increases personal wealth at the expense of corporate profits.

      Government is an ideal target for open-source due to its vast size. How many billions are you spending on Word and Excel? Money which goes almost straight abroad? Make an investment (in the proper sense of the word) and pay your own local citizens and companies to improve / customise software for your purposes. That improves your nation's software production capacity and reduces future government spend. Yes other people will benefit, but as long as the value is right for the government, stop being mean-spirited.

  6. DrXym

    A far better example

    Would be Tesla motorcars with sports cars and luxury saloons paving the way to more mainstream vehicles.

    Branson's effort was very unlikely to lead to either space tourism or something with a more practical or mass market use.

    1. maffski

      Re: A far better example

      "Branson's effort was very unlikely to lead to either space tourism or something with a more practical or mass market use."

      Not directly, but it's a step on the journey. In the same way the first Daimler Benz was never going to lead directly onto the Ford Fiesta, but give it a few generations of refinement and that's what happens.

      1. DrXym

        Re: A far better example

        "Not directly, but it's a step on the journey. "

        There are far more viable options for space tourism / colonisation / utility loading than a craft which bungs people into a high altitude trajectory.

        1. The Axe

          Re: A far better example

          @ DrXym

          That's your opinion, Branson thinks he knows better than you. And considering that he actually has paid people to look into this, he's probably more right than you (unless you're a secret rocket inventor).

          The point is that the free market allows lots of different methods of space travel to be tried out. Some might work, some might fail, but over time the best will win. The other way of doing it, via big government and lots of planning or one person's view of what is the most viable way, has no guarantee that it is the best way, it's just one way - but until other ways have been tried no one will know.

          1. DrXym

            Re: A far better example

            "That's your opinion, Branson thinks he knows better than you. And considering that he actually has paid people to look into this, he's probably more right than you (unless you're a secret rocket inventor)."

            That argument only works if you think Branson is infallible or should be immune from skepticism. Read Tom Bower's book about Branson for a different perspective of him and the project.

            Secondly yourself and others appear to be taking affront at a simple (and obvious) observation that there are better examples of trickle down economics than this. This project, even it succeeds has very little practical use - it's a suborbital joy ride, not a viable vehicle for launching satellites, or people into space. The ticket price might drop but it's never going to result in a huge number of jobs or manufacturing or anything else. There is very little trickle down at all in fact.

            1. Anonymous Coward
              Anonymous Coward

              Re: A far better example

              You will probably find that Satellite deployment will be very high on the designers thoughts when they were designing the platform.

              Imagine a SpaceShipTwo with no passengers, but a set of doors that could open like the American's space shuttle. As the SpaceShipTwo vehicle nears it's apogee, it deploys the satellite which has it's own booster to take it up to low earth orbit.

              Scale SpaceShipTwo and other components up and there is no reason why you can't launch large satellites into geostationary orbit. The only "wasted" component is the satellite booster.

              I find some people's lack of vision unfathomable, anything is possible if you are prepared to use your imagination (and a lot of cash)

              1. DrXym

                Re: A far better example

                "Imagine a SpaceShipTwo with no passengers, but a set of doors that could open like the American's space shuttle. As the SpaceShipTwo vehicle nears it's apogee, it deploys the satellite which has it's own booster to take it up to low earth orbit."

                So a plane that carries a rocket plane that carries a rocket with at least 3 humans inside. You only have to multiply the failure modes of each vehicle together to see how disastrous this is.

                And all to launch teeny tiny satellites into a very low earth orbit.

            2. Anonymous Coward
              Anonymous Coward

              Re: A far better example

              "That argument only works if you think Branson is infallible or should be immune from skepticism"

              I would say that argument works even if you think Richard Branson is a bit of an idiot.

              Quoting Tom Bower's work in any serious context really undermines any argument.

              1. DrXym

                Re: A far better example

                "I would say that argument works even if you think Richard Branson is a bit of an idiot."

                I wouldn't say he is an idiot but that doesn't mean he is infallible or impervious to criticism. This particular project has been a money pit and has already killed 4 people thanks to some questionable choices which might have made sense when chasing the X prize but not when trying to commercialize space travel.

                "Quoting Tom Bower's work in any serious context really undermines any argument."

                Again, only if you believe Branson is impervious to criticism.

            3. Anonymous Coward
              Anonymous Coward

              Re: A far better example

              "That argument only works if you think Branson is infallible or should be immune from skepticism. Read Tom Bower's book about Branson for a different perspective of him and the project."

              The same Tom Bower who was all over the media crowing about SpaceShipTwo's rocket "exploding", before the true nature of the accident had emerged?

              That little incident told me all I need to know about the guy's integrity and accuracy in reporting, so I think I'll pass thanks.

              1. DrXym

                Re: A far better example

                "The same Tom Bower who was all over the media crowing about SpaceShipTwo's rocket "exploding", before the true nature of the accident had emerged?"

                It would be the same Tom Bower who has been critical of this project for a long time and not the only one. And regardless of the cause there is no denying this project has turned into a boondoggle.

                It is not hard to find critical articles about the bad choices and broken promises surrounding this project. People just don't want to listen because hey it's cuddly Richard Branson.

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